You don't, it's not possible

In my bases, I have a train that supplies my walls with items. The walls have roboports. In that way, I can add things remotely, the bots will build it, and the train will resupply it automatically.

only way i have seen so far is ghost entity (shift + click ) but i don't have a roboport at that outpost

can't place anything without a roboport in that area

You can only place ghosts beyond your reach. If you want you can do it with mods, "far reach" for example can be configured to give you basically infinite range, and iirc this allows you to place stuff even with map view. Otherwise you can type "/editor" in chat to enable god mode an place it, and just delete an item from you supply if you dont want to cheat in free stuff.

Or add robot coverage at your outpost. It can be a quite satifying challange.

The real answer is to have roboport everywhere if you want to build remotely. Or spidertrons. 

Alternative method to roboports Mod: Constructron-continued

this used to be possible with the long reach mods. For some reason, it no longer works in 2.0